Understanding Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. Many women develop fibroids during their reproductive years. Although most fibroids are harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or other health problems. In fact, uterine fibroids are one of the most common reasons women visit a gynecologist. According to the CDC, up to 80% of women may have fibroids by age 50.

Common Symptoms

Not all women with uterine fibroids have symptoms. However, some may notice changes in their body. For example, you may experience:

Heavy or long menstrual periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent urination

Difficulty emptying the bladder

Constipation

Back or leg pain

Sometimes, fibroids can also cause pain during sex or trouble getting pregnant. If you notice any of these fibroid symptoms, it is important to talk to your doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact causes of uterine fibroids. However, several factors may increase your risk. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone seem to help fibroids grow. In addition, genetics may play a role. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to get them too.

Other risk factors include:

Being between ages 30 and 50

Being overweight

Having a family history of fibroids

Starting your period at a young age

Eating a diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables

While these factors can raise your risk, anyone with a uterus can develop fibroids.

Diagnosis Methods

If you have symptoms of uterine fibroids, your doctor will ask about your health history. Next, they may perform a pelvic exam to check for changes in your uterus. Often, doctors use imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis. For example, they may order:

Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create pictures of the uterus

MRI: Provides detailed images of fibroids and their size

Hysteroscopy: Looks inside the uterus with a thin, lighted tube

These tests help your doctor find the size, number, and location of fibroids. This information guides the best treatment for uterine fibroids.

Treatment Options

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Sometimes, no treatment is needed if fibroids are small and not causing problems. However, if you have bothersome symptoms, your doctor may suggest:

Medicines to control pain or heavy bleeding

Hormone therapy to shrink fibroids

Minimally invasive procedures, such as uterine artery embolization

Surgery to remove fibroids (myomectomy) or, in rare cases, the uterus (hysterectomy)

Each option has benefits and risks. Therefore, it is important to discuss these with your doctor. In some cities, you can find specialized uterine fibroids treatment centers for advanced care.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, healthy habits may lower your risk. For example, you can:

Maintain a healthy weight

Eat more fruits and green vegetables

Limit red meat and processed foods

Exercise regularly

Manage stress

These steps support your overall health and may help reduce the chances of developing fibroids. Even so, regular check-ups are important for early detection.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice heavy periods, pelvic pain, or other unusual symptoms, do not wait. Early diagnosis can help prevent complications. In addition, see your doctor if you have trouble getting pregnant or if your symptoms get worse. Prompt care can make a big difference in your quality of life.

For personalized advice on uterine fibroids, consult a gynecologist. They can help you find the best treatment and support for your needs.